Inflation in 1890 and its effect on dollar value
$1 in 1889 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $0.99 in 1890. The dollar had an average deflation rate of -1.09% per year since 1889, producing a cumulative price change of -1.09%. Purchasing power increased by 1.09% in 1890 compared to 1889. On average, you would have to spend 1.09% less money in 1890 than in 1889 for the same item. This is an example of deflation.
This means that prices in 1890 are 1.09% lower than average prices since 1889, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index.
The inflation rate in 1889 was -3.16%. The inflation rate in 1890 was -1.09%. The 1890 inflation rate is lower compared to the average inflation rate of 2.66% per year between 1890 and 2025.
Inflation rate is calculated by change in the consumer price index (CPI). The CPI in 1890 was 9.10. It was 9.20 in the previous year, 1889. The difference in CPI between the years is used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to officially determine inflation. Because the 1890 CPI is less than 1889 CPI, negative inflation (also known as deflation) has occurred.
Contents
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| Average inflation rate | -1.09% |
| Converted amount $1 base | $0.99 |
| Price difference $1 base | $-0.01 |
| CPI in 1889 | 9.200 |
| CPI in 1890 | 9.100 |
| Inflation in 1889 | -3.16% |
| Inflation in 1890 | -1.09% |
| $1 in 1889 | $0.99 in 1890 |
Inflation by Country
Inflation can also vary widely by country. For comparison, in the UK £1.00 in 1889 would be equivalent to £1.00 in 1890, an absolute change of £0.00 and a cumulative change of 0.00%.
Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $-0.01 and total percent change of -1.09%.
Inflation by Spending Category
CPI is the weighted combination of many categories of spending that are tracked by the government. Breaking down these categories helps explain the main drivers behind price changes.
This chart shows the average rate of inflation for select CPI categories between 1889 and 1890.
Compare these values to the overall average of -1.09% per year:
| Category | Avg Inflation (%) | Total Inflation (%) | $1 in 1889 → 1890 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food and beverages | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Housing | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Apparel | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Transportation | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Medical care | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Recreation | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Education and communication | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Other goods and services | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
For all these visualizations, it's important to note that not all categories may have been tracked since 1889. This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category.
How to calculate inflation rate for $1, 1889 to 1890
Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1889 and 1890:
CPI in 1890 CPI in 1889
×
1889 USD value
=
1890 USD value
Then plug in historical CPI values. The U.S. CPI was 9.2 in the year 1889 and 9.1 in 1890:
9.19.2
×
$1
=
$0.99
$1 in 1889 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as $0.99 in 1890.
To get the total inflation rate for the 1 years between 1889 and 1890, we use the following formula:
CPI in 1890 - CPI in 1889CPI in 1889
×
100
=
Cumulative inflation rate (1 years)
Plugging in the values to this equation, we get:
9.1 - 9.29.2
×
100
=
-1%
Comparison to S&P 500 Index
To help put this inflation into perspective, if we had invested $1 in the S&P 500 index in 1889, our investment would be nominally worth approximately $1.00 in 1890. This is a return on investment of 0.49%, with an absolute return of $0.00 on top of the original $1.
These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. In order to evaluate the real return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account.
The compounding effect of inflation would account for -1.10% of returns ($-0.01) during this period. This means the inflation-adjusted real return of our $1 investment is $0.02. You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $0 for most people.
| Original Amount | Final Amount | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal | $1 | $1.00 | 0.49% |
| Real Inflation Adjusted | $1 | $1.02 | 1.59% |
Information displayed above may differ slightly from other S&P 500 calculators. Minor discrepancies can occur because we use the latest CPI data for inflation, annualized inflation numbers for previous years, and we compute S&P price and dividends from January of 1889 to latest available data for 1890 using average monthly close price.
For more details on the S&P 500 between 1889 and 1890, see the stock market returns calculator.
Data source & citation
Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI), established in 1913. Price index data from 1774 to 1912 is sourced from a historical study conducted by political science professor Robert Sahr at Oregon State University and from the American Antiquarian Society. Price index data from 1634 to 1773 is from the American Antiquarian Society, using British pound equivalents.
You may use the following MLA citation for this page: “Inflation Rate in 1890 | Inflation Calculator.” Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 24 Dec. 2024, https://www.officialdata.org/inflation-rate-in-1890.
Special thanks to QuickChart for their chart image API, which is used for chart downloads.
in2013dollars.com is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation.
| Average inflation rate | -1.09% |
| Converted amount $1 base | $0.99 |
| Price difference $1 base | $-0.01 |
| CPI in 1889 | 9.200 |
| CPI in 1890 | 9.100 |
| Inflation in 1889 | -3.16% |
| Inflation in 1890 | -1.09% |
| $1 in 1889 | $0.99 in 1890 |