U.S. inflation rate in 1931: -8.98%

Inflation by City

Inflation can vary widely by city, even within the United States. Here's how some cities fared in 1930 to 1931 (figures shown are purchasing power equivalents of $1):

• New York: -6.88% average rate, $1 → $0.93, cumulative change of -6.88%
• San Francisco, California: -7.38% average rate, $1 → $0.93, cumulative change of -7.38%
• Boston, Massachusetts: -7.75% average rate, $1 → $0.92, cumulative change of -7.75%
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: -7.86% average rate, $1 → $0.92, cumulative change of -7.86%
• Chicago, Illinois: -8.59% average rate, $1 → $0.91, cumulative change of -8.59%
• Seattle, Washington: -8.71% average rate, $1 → $0.91, cumulative change of -8.71%
• Houston, Texas: -8.81% average rate, $1 → $0.91, cumulative change of -8.81%
• Atlanta, Georgia: -9.24% average rate, $1 → $0.91, cumulative change of -9.24%
• Detroit, Michigan: -11.81% average rate, $1 → $0.88, cumulative change of -11.81%

New York experienced the highest rate of inflation during the 1 years between 1930 and 1931 (-6.88%).

Detroit, Michigan experienced the lowest rate of inflation during the 1 years between 1930 and 1931 (-11.81%).

Note that some locations showing 0% inflation may have not yet reported latest data.

Inflation by Country

Inflation can also vary widely by country. For comparison, in the UK £1.00 in 1930 would be equivalent to £0.96 in 1931, an absolute change of £-0.04 and a cumulative change of -4.05%.

In Canada, CA$1.00 in 1930 would be equivalent to CA$0.90 in 1931, an absolute change of CA$-0.10 and a cumulative change of -9.85%.

Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $-0.09 and total percent change of -8.98%.

Inflation by Spending Category

CPI is the weighted combination of many categories of spending that are tracked by the government. Breaking down these categories helps explain the main drivers behind price changes.

This chart shows the average rate of inflation for select CPI categories between 1930 and 1931.

Compare these values to the overall average of -8.98% per year:

For all these visualizations, it's important to note that not all categories may have been tracked since 1930. This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category.

How to calculate inflation rate for $1, 1930 to 1931

Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1930 and 1931:

Then plug in historical CPI values. The U.S. CPI was 16.7 in the year 1930 and 15.2 in 1931:

$1 in 1930 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as $0.91 in 1931.

To get the total inflation rate for the 1 years between 1930 and 1931, we use the following formula:

Plugging in the values to this equation, we get:

Comparison to S&P 500 Index

To help put this inflation into perspective, if we had invested $1 in the S&P 500 index in 1930, our investment would be nominally worth approximately $0.43 in 1931. This is a return on investment of -56.88%, with an absolute return of $-0.57 on top of the original $1.

These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. In order to evaluate the real return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account.

The compounding effect of inflation would account for -9.87% of returns ($-0.04) during this period. This means the inflation-adjusted real return of our $1 investment is $-0.53. You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $0 for most people.

Information displayed above may differ slightly from other S&P 500 calculators. Minor discrepancies can occur because we use the latest CPI data for inflation, annualized inflation numbers for previous years, and we compute S&P price and dividends from January of 1930 to latest available data for 1931 using average monthly close price.

For more details on the S&P 500 between 1930 and 1931, see the stock market returns calculator.

Data source & citation

Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI), established in 1913. Price index data from 1774 to 1912 is sourced from a historical study conducted by political science professor Robert Sahr at Oregon State University and from the American Antiquarian Society. Price index data from 1634 to 1773 is from the American Antiquarian Society, using British pound equivalents.

» Read more about inflation and investment.