The U.S. dollar has lost 97% its value since 1891
Updated: November 13, 2024$100 in 1891 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $3,468.84 today, an increase of $3,368.84 over 133 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.70% per year between 1891 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 3,368.84%.
This means that today's prices are 34.69 times as high as average prices since 1891, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics consumer price index. A dollar today only buys 2.883% of what it could buy back then.
The inflation rate in 1891 was 0.00%. The current inflation rate compared to the end of last year is now 2.60%. If this number holds, $100 today will be equivalent in buying power to $102.60 next year. The current inflation rate page gives more detail on the latest inflation rates.
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| Cumulative price change | 3,368.84% |
| Average inflation rate | 2.70% |
| Converted amount $100 base | $3,468.84 |
| Price difference $100 base | $3,368.84 |
| CPI in 1891 | 9.100 |
| CPI in 2024 | 315.664 |
| Inflation in 1891 | 0.00% |
| Inflation in 2024 | 2.60% |
| $100 in 1891 | $3,468.84 in 2024 |
Buying power of $100 in 1891
This chart shows a calculation of buying power equivalence for $100 in 1891 (price index tracking began in 1635).
For example, if you started with $100, you would need to end with $3,468.84 in order to "adjust" for inflation (sometimes refered to as "beating inflation").
When $100 is equivalent to $3,468.84 over time, that means that the "real value" of a single U.S. dollar decreases over time. In other words, a dollar will pay for fewer items at the store.
This effect explains how inflation erodes the value of a dollar over time. By calculating the value in 1891 dollars, the chart below shows how $100 is worth less over 133 years.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, each of these USD amounts below is equal in terms of what it could buy at the time:
This conversion table shows various other 1891 amounts in today's dollars, based on the 3,368.84% change in prices:
| Initial value | Equivalent value |
|---|---|
| $1 dollar in 1891 | $34.69 dollars today |
| $5 dollars in 1891 | $173.44 dollars today |
| $10 dollars in 1891 | $346.88 dollars today |
| $50 dollars in 1891 | $1,734.42 dollars today |
| $100 dollars in 1891 | $3,468.84 dollars today |
| $500 dollars in 1891 | $17,344.18 dollars today |
| $1,000 dollars in 1891 | $34,688.35 dollars today |
| $5,000 dollars in 1891 | $173,441.76 dollars today |
| $10,000 dollars in 1891 | $346,883.52 dollars today |
| $50,000 dollars in 1891 | $1,734,417.58 dollars today |
| $100,000 dollars in 1891 | $3,468,835.16 dollars today |
| $500,000 dollars in 1891 | $17,344,175.82 dollars today |
| $1,000,000 dollars in 1891 | $34,688,351.65 dollars today |
Inflation by Country
Inflation can also vary widely by country. For comparison, in the UK £100.00 in 1891 would be equivalent to £15,922.88 in 2024, an absolute change of £15,822.88 and a cumulative change of 15,822.88%.
Compare these numbers to the US's overall absolute change of $3,368.84 and total percent change of 3,368.84%.
Inflation by Spending Category
CPI is the weighted combination of many categories of spending that are tracked by the government. Breaking down these categories helps explain the main drivers behind price changes.
This chart shows the average rate of inflation for select CPI categories between 1891 and 2024.
Compare these values to the overall average of 2.70% per year:
| Category | Avg Inflation (%) | Total Inflation (%) | $100 in 1891 → 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food and beverages | 4.00 | 18,314.42 | 18,414.42 |
| Housing | 4.27 | 25,831.30 | 25,931.30 |
| Apparel | 1.99 | 1,266.19 | 1,366.19 |
| Transportation | 3.37 | 8,110.04 | 8,210.04 |
| Medical care | 4.61 | 39,973.82 | 40,073.82 |
| Recreation | 1.37 | 507.19 | 607.19 |
| Education and communication | 1.75 | 898.39 | 998.39 |
| Other goods and services | 4.97 | 63,605.71 | 63,705.71 |
The graph below compares inflation in categories of goods over time. Click on a category such as "Food" to toggle it on or off:
For all these visualizations, it's important to note that not all categories may have been tracked since 1891. This table and charts use the earliest available data for each category.
How to calculate inflation rate for $100 since 1891
Our calculations use the following inflation rate formula to calculate the change in value between 1891 and today:
CPI today CPI in 1891
×
1891 USD value
=
Today's value
Then plug in historical CPI values. The U.S. CPI was 9.1 in the year 1891 and 315.664 in 2024:
315.6649.1
×
$100
=
$3,468.84
$100 in 1891 has the same "purchasing power" or "buying power" as $3,468.84 in 2024.
To get the total inflation rate for the 133 years between 1891 and 2024, we use the following formula:
CPI in 2024 - CPI in 1891CPI in 1891
×
100
=
Cumulative inflation rate (133 years)
Plugging in the values to this equation, we get:
315.664 - 9.19.1
×
100
=
3,369%
Comparison to S&P 500 Index
The average inflation rate of 2.70% has a compounding effect between 1891 and 2024. As noted above, this yearly inflation rate compounds to produce an overall price difference of 3,368.84% over 133 years.
To help put this inflation into perspective, if we had invested $100 in the S&P 500 index in 1891, our investment would be nominally worth approximately $24,474,603.36 in 2024. This is a return on investment of 24,474,503.36%, with an absolute return of $24,474,503.36 on top of the original $100.
These numbers are not inflation adjusted, so they are considered nominal. In order to evaluate the real return on our investment, we must calculate the return with inflation taken into account.
The compounding effect of inflation would account for 97.12% of returns ($23,769,046.53) during this period. This means the inflation-adjusted real return of our $100 investment is $705,456.83. You may also want to account for capital gains tax, which would take your real return down to around $599,638 for most people.
| Original Amount | Final Amount | Change | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal | $100 | $24,474,603.36 | 24,474,503.36% |
| Real Inflation Adjusted | $100 | $705,556.83 | 705,456.83% |
Information displayed above may differ slightly from other S&P 500 calculators. Minor discrepancies can occur because we use the latest CPI data for inflation, annualized inflation numbers for previous years, and we compute S&P price and dividends from January of 1891 to latest available data for 2024 using average monthly close price.
For more details on the S&P 500 between 1891 and 2024, see the stock market returns calculator.
Data source & citation
Raw data for these calculations comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Consumer Price Index (CPI), established in 1913. Price index data from 1774 to 1912 is sourced from a historical study conducted by political science professor Robert Sahr at Oregon State University and from the American Antiquarian Society. Price index data from 1634 to 1773 is from the American Antiquarian Society, using British pound equivalents.
You may use the following MLA citation for this page: “Value of 1891 dollars today | Inflation Calculator.” Official Inflation Data, Alioth Finance, 14 Nov. 2024, https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1891.
Special thanks to QuickChart for their chart image API, which is used for chart downloads.
in2013dollars.com is a reference website maintained by the Official Data Foundation.
| Cumulative price change | 3,368.84% |
| Average inflation rate | 2.70% |
| Converted amount $100 base | $3,468.84 |
| Price difference $100 base | $3,368.84 |
| CPI in 1891 | 9.100 |
| CPI in 2024 | 315.664 |
| Inflation in 1891 | 0.00% |
| Inflation in 2024 | 2.60% |
| $100 in 1891 | $3,468.84 in 2024 |